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- <text id=94TT1595>
- <title>
- Nov. 21, 1994: Medicine:An Eye on Alzheimer's
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1994
- Nov. 21, 1994 G.O.P. Stampede
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- MEDICINE, Page 89
- AN Eye on Alzheimer's
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p> Researchers develop a simple test that may give an early diagnosis
- for the degenerative brain disorder
- </p>
- <p>By Christine Gorman--Reported by Andrea Dorfman/New York
- </p>
- <p> When Ronald Reagan's physicians first suspected that the former
- President's memory lapses were caused by Alzheimer's disease,
- they had no easy way to confirm the diagnosis. To determine
- whether Reagan, now 83, had the degenerative brain disease that
- affects perhaps 4 million Americans, the doctors gave him a
- complex series of physical and psychological exams--mainly
- to rule out other possible causes of his symptoms. A year passed
- before he was told that he was indeed in the early stages of
- Alzheimer's.
- </p>
- <p> Now a group of researchers claim to have found a much easier
- method of detecting the disease. In a study published in last
- week's issue of Science, they report that Alzheimer's patients
- are unusually sensitive to a drug used by ophthalmologists to
- enlarge the pupils during eye exams. By measuring a person's
- response to the drug when it is dropped into the eye, physicians
- may be able to diagnose the dread disorder.
- </p>
- <p> The idea for the eye test came from Huntington Potter, a neuroscientist
- at Harvard Medical School, who ingeniously followed up on an
- observation about people with Down syndrome, a genetic disorder
- that causes mental retardation. Potter knew that almost all
- Down patients who live long enough eventually develop brain
- lesions identical to those detected in autopsies of Alzheimer's
- sufferers. By scouring the scientific literature, he learned
- that people with Down syndrome are very sensitive to tropicamide,
- the drug used to dilate the pupil of the eye. Potter then approached
- Leonard Scinto, a neuroscientist now at Brigham and Women's
- Hospital in Boston, about the possibility of using the drug
- to spot Alzheimer's.
- </p>
- <p> Together they studied 58 people whose ages averaged 72 and some
- of whom had already been given a diagnosis of Alzheimer's. After
- dropping a weak solution of tropicamide into their subjects'
- eyes, the researchers found the pupils in the healthy patients
- dilated only 4%, while the pupils of those with the disease
- opened at least 13%. Particularly telling was the case of a
- man whose eye-test results suggested that he had Alzheimer's
- but who had exhibited none of the symptoms--until nine months
- later when his memory deteriorated dramatically.
- </p>
- <p> It might seem futile to try to detect a problem for which there
- is neither a treatment nor a cure. However, neurologists estimate
- that at least 25% of all people who are told they have Alzheimer's
- actually suffer from some problem that can be treated, such
- as depression. A definitive test for Alzheimer's would advise
- doctors whether or not to keep looking for the source of patients'
- memory lapses.
- </p>
- <p> Just as important, researchers are testing drugs that may slow
- mental deterioration in Alzheimer's patients. For those medications
- to work, however, physicians must administer them before there
- is any memory loss. "Otherwise, there isn't enough brain left
- for the drugs to work," Scinto notes. He and Potter plan to
- study 400 patients over the next year. If the eye test lives
- up to expectations, it could be on the market within the next
- two years.
- </p>
-
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
-
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